Water Heater Leaks: Causes And How To Repair Them
A leaking water heater can be a homeowner’s worst nightmare. Water pooling around the base of your heater can cause significant water damage, mold growth, and the eventual failure of the system. In many cases, a leak can be repaired with relative ease, but it’s important to identify the cause before taking action. This guide offers water heater leak repair solutions to extend the lifespan of your system.
The Different Types of Water Heater Leaks
Water heaters are complex systems with many components. A leak could be the result of a malfunction in various parts of the system, such as the tank, pipes, or connections. Let’s look at the common types of leaks you might encounter.
- Tank Leaks
Tank leaks are the most serious and often the most difficult to fix. When the water heater’s tank itself starts leaking, it can lead to catastrophic failure if not addressed promptly. This usually happens when the interior of the tank deteriorates due to rust or sediment buildup.
- Pipe or Connection Leaks
Leaks in the pipes or connections are more common than leaks in the tank. This type of leak typically happens where the water inlet or outlet pipes connect to the heater. Over time, these connections can wear out, corrode, or loosen, causing water to seep out.
- Pressure Relief Valve Leaks
The pressure relief valve is designed to release water when the internal pressure inside the tank gets too high. If the valve is faulty or the system is over-pressurized, the valve can start to leak.
Common Causes of Water Heater Leaks
Now that we’ve identified the types of leaks, it’s time to dig into the causes. Water heaters may leak for a number of reasons, and determining the root cause helps in successful repair.
- Corrosion in the Tank
Over time, the inside of a water heater tank can corrode, especially if the system is old or has not been properly maintained. Corrosion typically starts around the bottom of the tank and leads to small holes that allow water to leak out. The issue is often exacerbated by the presence of minerals in the water, particularly in areas with hard water. The anode rod inside the tank, designed to fight corrosion, also wears out over time, leaving the tank vulnerable.
- Sediment Buildup
Mineral deposits in your water can settle at the bottom of the tank over time. This buildup can eventually cause the tank to overheat, putting stress on the metal and increasing the risk of cracks or structural damage. If not addressed, it may lead to leaks. To help prevent this, it’s a good idea to flush the tank periodically, which can minimize sediment accumulation and extend the lifespan of your water heater.
- Faulty Pressure Relief Valve
The pressure relief valve is an important safety feature that prevents the tank from exploding due to excessive internal pressure. If the valve becomes damaged or malfunctions, it can start leaking. A faulty valve can be the result of high water pressure or a build-up of sediment, which can block the valve and cause it to malfunction.
- Loose or Worn Connections
The connections between the water heater’s pipes and the tank can become loose over time due to wear, corrosion, or improper installation. Leaks can occur where the pipes meet the tank, especially if the connections have become too tight or are inadequately sealed. These types of leaks are often easier to fix and do not require replacing the entire tank.
- Age of the Water Heater
The age of your water heater is a significant factor in the likelihood of a leak. Older units, particularly those older than 10 years, are more prone to leaks. Wear and tear on the system, combined with factors like rust, mineral buildup, and lack of maintenance, contribute to a higher risk of leakage in older models. If your water heater is near the end of its lifespan, it may be more cost-effective to replace the unit instead of repairing it.
How To Repair a Leaking Water Heater
Once you’ve identified the cause of the leak, it’s time to figure out how to fix it. Depending on the severity of the issue and the cause, repairs can vary from simple fixes to more complex replacements.
- Repairing a Leaking Tank
If your tank has started leaking, there are limited repair options. Unfortunately, once a water heater tank starts to leak, it typically means that the tank has failed and needs to be replaced. In rare cases, a tank can be patched temporarily, but this is generally not recommended because the leak will likely worsen, leading to more damage. If the leak is large or spreading, shut off the water and power supply immediately and contact a professional plumber for advice.
- Replacing the Pressure Relief Valve
If the pressure relief valve is the source of the leak, it can usually be replaced without the need to replace the entire water heater. Turn off the water supply and disconnect the power before removing the old valve. Once the faulty valve is removed, install a new one, making sure it’s properly secured to prevent further leaks. Check the pressure of the water heater system to ensure the valve is functioning properly.
- Tightening Loose Connections
If the leak is coming from a loose connection or pipe, the solution may be as simple as tightening the connections. Using a wrench or pipe tool, tighten the connections to stop the water from leaking. Be careful not to overtighten, as this can damage the threads or pipe. If the connection is damaged or cracked, you may need to replace the affected part, such as the pipe or valve.
- Flushing the Tank to Remove Sediment
If sediment buildup is causing the leak, one of the best ways to repair the issue is by flushing the tank. Start by turning off the water and power to the heater. Attach a hose to the drainage valve at the bottom of the tank and let the water drain into a bucket or floor drain. Flushing the tank annually can help prevent sediment buildup and improve your water heater’s efficiency.
- Replacing the Anode Rod
If corrosion is the main culprit, replacing the anode rod can help slow down the deterioration of the tank. The anode rod, which is typically made of magnesium or aluminum, attracts the corrosion that would otherwise eat away at the tank’s lining. If the rod is corroded or missing, it needs to be replaced to prevent further damage. This simple fix can significantly prolong the life of your water heater.
When to Call a Professional Plumber
While some water heater leaks can be fixed by homeowners with basic plumbing knowledge, others require professional expertise. If you’re not sure how to diagnose the issue or repair the problem safely, it’s best to call a professional plumber. A licensed plumber will have the tools and experience to troubleshoot the leak, identify the root cause, and perform any necessary repairs or replacements.
Call a professional if:
- The leak is from the tank itself.
- You’re unsure of the cause of the leak.
- You have no experience working with water heaters.
- The problem is affecting the safety of your home.
A plumber can quickly identify whether the unit can be repaired or if it’s time to replace the water heater. They will also make sure any repairs are up to code, reducing the risk of further issues down the line.
Aero Energy: Quick Fix for Your Water Heater Leaks in Pennsylvania and Maryland
If you’re dealing with a water heater leak or other plumbing issues, Aero Energy is here to help. With over 90 years of experience, our team of licensed professionals is dedicated to offering reliable water heater repair and replacement services across Pennsylvania and Maryland. Whether you need to fix a leak, replace an old tank, or perform routine maintenance, we have the expertise to get the job done right the first time.
Don’t let a small leak turn into a major issue. Contact Aero Energy today at 717-624-4311 for fast and efficient water heater services. Let us help you keep your home’s hot water running smoothly.